ROMAN CHANT

("https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Arch.Cap.S.Pietro.B.79")
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(Unknown scribe. "Antiphonary of Hartker (St. Gallen)." Ink on vellum. Circa 1000 CE. Stiftsbibliothek St. Gallen, Switzerland. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gregory_I_-_Antiphonary_of_Hartker_of_Sankt_Gallen.jpg.)
A page from a 10th-century antiphonary manuscript showing early neumatic notation for Gregorian chant, with illuminated initials and Latin text for liturgical use.

(Unknown scribe. "Troper with Gregorian Chant Notation." 12th century. Monastic library collection. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ave_maria_gregorian_chant.gif)
A 12th-century troper manuscript page with adiastematic neumes for Roman chant antiphons, showcasing the evolution of musical notation in monastic tradition.

(Unknown scribe. "Gradual with Neumes." Ink and color on vellum. 13th century. Benediktinerstift Kremsmünster, Austria. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E-codices_bke-0103_079r_large_(1).jpg.)
An illuminated manuscript leaf from the 13th century featuring square neumes for a Roman chant sequence, adorned with floral motifs and rubricated text.