1600–1700 AD

From 1600 to 1700 AD, writers, scientists, and political thinkers reshaped the foundations of modern liberty and human dignity. Harvey advanced empirical science; Descartes elevated reason and method; Grotius grounded law in principles beyond force; Hobbes confronted the dangers of disorder; Milton defended freedom of expression; Locke articulated natural rights and government by consent; Spinoza argued for freedom of thought; Bradford recorded the search for religious community; and Bunyan dramatized the soul’s pilgrimage toward truth. Read More